Comparison of Health Status and Mibyeong Characteristics between Cold Syndrome and Heat Syndrome by Cold Heat Syndrome Differentiation Score

Jong-Cheon Joo; Siwoo Lee; Soo-Jung Park; Joo, Jong-Cheon; Lee, Siwoo; Park, Soo-Jung

doi:10.13048/jkm.18002

JKM > Volume 39(1); 2018 > Article

Joo, Lee, and Park: Comparison of Health Status and Mibyeong Characteristics between Cold Syndrome and Heat Syndrome by Cold Heat Syndrome Differentiation Score

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2018; 39(1): 13-21.

Published online: March 31, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.18002

Comparison of Health Status and Mibyeong Characteristics between Cold Syndrome and Heat Syndrome by Cold Heat Syndrome Differentiation Score

Jong-Cheon Joo¹^{, 2}

, Siwoo Lee³

, Soo-Jung Park⁴

¹Dept. Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University

²Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University

³Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

⁴Dept. Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University

Correspondence to: 박수정 (Soo-Jung Park), 전북 전주시 완산구 어은로 46 우석대학교부속한방병원 사상체질과, Tel: +82-63-220-8676, Fax: +82-63-227-6234, E-mail:taorgi@hanmail.net

Correspondence to: 이시우 (Siwoo Lee), 대전광역시 유성구 유성대로 1672 한국한의학연구원 미래의학부, Tel: +82-42-868-9555, Fax: +82-42-861-5800, E-mail: bfree@kiom.re.kr

Received November 30, 2017 Revised March 5, 2018 Accepted March 12, 2018

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to develop the diagnostic tool to distinguish between cold syndrome (CS) and heat syndrome (HS).

Methods

A total of 1,753 subjects were divided into three groups, those are CS group, intemediate group, and HS group, by the mean and standard deviation of the cold heat syndrome differentiation score using 7 point scale consisting of 9 items. Demographic characteristics, diseases history, health status, Mibyeong, syndrome differentiation were analyzed.

Results

CS is characterized by women, elderly, and low body mass index. CS has a history of thyroid disease, cataract, depression, osteoporosis, and HS has a history of prostatomegaly. CS receives less social psychosocial stress than HS, and the quality of life associated with health status is lower than HS. CS group has the tendency to be tired, painful, sleepless, dyspeptic and anxious.

Conclusions

CS is a set of symptoms associated with decreased energy metabolism and decreased metabolic function, and is more likely to be unhealthy than HS.

Keywords: Syndrome differentiation, Cold Syndrome, Heat syndrome, Mibyeong

Table 1

Comparison of Demographic Characteristics According to CS and HS

Characteristics	mean (SD)			P Value*

	CS (n=264)	Intermediate (n=1,242)	HS (n=247)
Sex
Men, n (%)	46 (7.6)	421 (69.5)	139 (22.9)	<0.001
Women, n (%)	218 (19.0)	821 (71.6)	108 (9.4)	<0.001
Age (year)	64.46 (10.75)^a	64.48 (11.38)^b	61.99 (11.43)^b	0.006
BMI (kg/m²)	24.63 (3.09)^a	24.95 (3.23)^a	25.77 (3.25)^b	<0.001

BMI, body mass index; CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 2

Comparison of Diseases History According to CS and HS

Characteristics	No. of Subjects (%)			P Value*

	CS (n=264)	Intermediate (n=1242)	HS (n=247)
Cerebrovascular Accident	9 (3.4)	29 (2.3)	4 (1.6)	0.403
Transient Ischemic Attack	0 (0.0)	5 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0.356
Angina Pectoris or Myocardial Infarction	16 (6.1)	86 (6.9)	15 (6.1)	0.807
Hypertension	101 (38.3)	463 (37.3)	95 (38.5)	0.913
Hyperlipidemia	28 (10.6)	127 (10.2)	20 (8.1)	0.556
Pulmonary Tuberculosis	7 (2.7)	26 (2.1)	4 (1.6)	0.717
Thyroid Disease	25 (9.5)	97 (7.8)	9 (3.6)	0.031
Chronic Gastritis	44 (16.7)	195 (15.7)	39 (15.8)	0.926
Gastritis or Gastric Ulcer	12 (4.5)	90 (7.2)	14 (5.7)	0.224
Diabetes Mellitus	35 (13.3)	157 (12.6)	29 (11.7)	0.873
Intestinal Polyp	4 (1.5)	36 (2.9)	4 (1.6)	0.268
Acute Liver Disease	1 (0.4)	8 (0.6)	2 (0.8)	0.819
Fatty Liver	14 (5.3)	79 (6.4)	24 (9.7)	0.097
Chronic Hepatitis or Liver Cirrhosis	3 (1.1)	23 (1.9)	3 (1.2)	0.598
Cholelithiasis or Cholecystitis	14 (5.3)	47 (3.8)	11 (4.5)	0.506
Chronic Bronchitis	3 (1.1)	22 (1.8)	7 (2.8)	0.346
Asthma	17 (6.4)	53 (4.3)	11 (4.5)	0.309
Allergic Disease	16 (6.1)	97 (7.8)	13 (5.3)	0.273
Arthritis	16 (6.1)	97 (7.8)	13 (5.3)	0.273
Bladder Infection	8 (3.0)	18 (3.9)	5 (2.0)	0.322
Cataract	45 (17.0)	215 (17.3)	27 (10.9)	0.044
Glaucoma	9 (3.4)	44 (3.5)	3 (1.2)	0.161
Depression Mood	17 (6.4)	66 (5.3)	4 (1.6)	0.025
Parkinson’s Disease	0 (0.0)	6 (0.5)	1 (0.4)	0.528
Osteoporosis	43 (16.3)	164 (13.2)	20 (8.1)	0.020
Prostatomegaly	9 (3.4)	55 (4.4)	19 (7.7)	0.048
Cancer	16 (6.1)	54 (4.3)	13 (5.3)	0.451

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 3

Score Related to Health Status According to CS and HS

Characteristics	mean (SD)			P Value*

	CS (n=264)	Intermediate (n=1242)	HS (n=247)
Psychosocial Stress Score	32.44 (9.01)^a	34.18 (9.58)^a	37.55 (8.50)^b	<0.001
Health-Related Quality of Life Using EQ-5D	7.33 (1.64)^a	6.94 (1.69)^b	6.36 (1.51)^c	<0.001
Mibyeong 24 Score	75.53 (23.37)^a	70.81 (22.57)^b	57.90 (18.93)^c	<0.001

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 4

Types, Severe Degree and Discomfort Degree of Mibyeong According to CS and HS

Characteristics	mean (SD)			P Value*

	CS (n=264)	Intermediate (n=1242)	HS (n=247)
Fatigue Type, n (%)	167 (63.7)	647 (52.3)	103 (41.9)	<0.001
Degree of Severity	3.96 (1.63)^a	3.66 (1.63)^a	3.11 (1.61)^b	<0.001
Degree of Discomfort	3.62 (1.77)^a	3.38 (1.71)^a	2.82 (1.54)^b	0.001

Pain Type, n (%)	161 (61.5)	684 (55.3)	111 (45.3)	0.001
Degree of Severity	4.37 (1.65)^a	4.20 (1.70)^a	3.62 (1.58)^b	0.001
Degree of Discomfort	4.30 (1.73)^a	4.07 (1.81)^a	3.45 (1.66)^b	<0.001

Sleep Disorder Type, n (%)	110 (41.7)	419 (33.8)	60 (24.4)	<0.001
Degree of Severity	4.30 (1.78)^a	4.07 (1.73)^ab	3.52 (1.69)^b	<0.019
Degree of Discomfort	4.01 (1.89)	3.78 (1.82)	3.40 (1.61)	0.112

Indigestion Type, n (%)	79 (30.0)	308 (24.9)	36 (14.6)	<0.001
Degree of Severity	3.91 (1.62)	3.58 (1.62)	3.33 (1.55)	0.141
Degree of Discomfort	3.73 (1.74)	3.38 (1.71)	3.23 (1.63)	0.208

Anxiety Type, n (%)	117 (44.7)	383 (31.4)	54 (22.4)	<0.001
Degree of Severity	3.86 (1.77)	3.70 (1.61)	3.67 (1.71)	0.637
Degree of Discomfort	3.66 (1.88)	3.43 (1.70)	3.35 (1.65)	0.396

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 5

Score Related to Syndrome Differentiation by Expert According to CS and HS

Characteristics	mean (SD)			P Value*

	CS (n=264)	Intermediate (n=1242)	HS (n=247)
Qi Deficiency Score	2.76 (2.08)^a	2.59 (2.14)^a	1.80 (1.92)^b	<0.001
Blood Deficiency Score	1.91 (2.07)^a	1.61 (1.99)^a	1.17 (1.71)^b	<0.001
Qi Stagnation Score	1.58 (2.19)^a	1.27 (1.95)^a	0.85 (1.60)^b	<0.001
Health Status Score	6.62 (1.46)^a	6.90 (1.57)^a	7.23 (1.34)^b	<0.001
Cold Heat Score	4.25 (1.71)^a	4.83 (1.60)^b	5.69 (1.66)^c	<0.001

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

참고문헌

1 Jiang M, Lu C, Zhang C, Yang J, Tan Y, Lu A, et al. Syndrome differentiation in modern research of traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 140:3. 634–42.

2 Kim JH. A Comparative Research of Eight Principle Pattern Identification-based on Zhang Jie-Bin, Cheng Guo-Peng, and Jiang Han-Tun-. J Oriental Medical Classics. 2013; 26:2. 47–59.

3 Shin SW, Kim JB. A Study on the Diagnostic System in ≪Shang Han Za Bing Lun≫. Korean J Oriental Medical Pathology. 1998; 12:1. 1–18.

4 Yeo MK, Park KH, Jang ES, Lee YS. A National Survey on Utilization of Pattern Identification among Korean Medicine Doctors. J Society of Preventive Korean Medicine. 2015; 19:3. 45–55.

5 Jiang M, Lv AP. A cold/heat property classification strategy based on bio-effects of herbal medicines. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014; 39:11. 2149–52.

6 Kim SK, Nam TH, Park YB. Validity of Questionnaires for Cold-Heat Patternization (I). J Korea Institute Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2002; 6:2. 141–56.

7 Kim SK, Park YB. Development of Questionnaire for Cold-Heat Patternization. J Korea Institute Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2003; 7:1. 64–75.

8 Park JJ, Lee MS, Kong KH, Go HY. Relationship between Heart Rate Variability and Cold-Heat Patternization in Patient with Chronic Constipation. Korean J Orient Int Med. 2012; 33:2. 209–21.

9 Song JY, Kim MJ, Sung WS, Kim PK, Goo BH, Kwak HY, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Herb Medication According to Cold-heat Tendency of Knee Osteoarthritis Patients. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Med Society. 2012; 29:5. 97–108.

10 Kang BG, Kang BK, Lee JS, Han DJ, Nam SK, Shin SH, et al. Study of the Specific Indicators Calculation of Fire-Heat Pattern Identification and Yin Deficiency Pattern Identification in Stroke. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology. 2008; 22:6. 1368–73.

11 Baek TS, Park YJ, Park YB, Park JH, Im JJ. Health Test for Searching of Correlation and the Index of the Cold-heat Patternization Comparison of the Questionnaires for the Cold-heat Patternization and the Ordinary. J Korea Institute Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2005; 9:2. 145–52.

12 Choi SO, Park SY, Jeong HJ, Jung SY, Ahn SY, Kim KM, et al. Clinical Study on Relationship between Pattern Identifications and Heart Rate Variability. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology. 2013; 27:3. 318–26.

13 Baik YS. A Study on The Changes of Concept of Syndrome Differentiation in The History of Traditional Medicine - Focusing on meaning and process -. J Korean Medical Classics. 2014; 27:4. 133–51.

14 Kim WH. The Productive Mechanism of Han-Yoll(Cold and Heat) in Oriental Medicine. J Korea Institute Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2000; 4:1. 1–12.

15 Bae NS, Park YJ, Oh HS, Park YB. Preceding Studies for Questionnaires on Han-Yol Patternization. J Korea Institute Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2005; 9:1. 98–111.

16 Yeo MK, Lee YS. Analysis of Clinical Research Trends on Cold-Heat Pattern Identification in Korea - Focused on Quantitative Indicators for General People. 1. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology. 2017; 31:2. 145–52.

17 Kim MK, Lee IW, Shin AS, Kim NH, Kim HM, Shim SR, et al. The Comparison on the General Characteristics of Acute Stroke Patient between Heat pattern group and Cold Pattern Group. Korean J Joongpoong. 2010; 11:1. 18–25.

18 Li S, Zhang ZQ, Wu LJ, Zhang XG, Li YD, Wang YY. Understanding ZHENG in Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Context of Neuro-endocrine-immune Network. IET Syst Biol. 2007; 1:1. 51–60.

19 Ma T, Tan C, Zhang H, Wang M, Ding W, Li S. Bridging the Gap between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology: the Connection of Cold Syndrome and NEI Network. Mol Biosyst. 2010; 6:4. 613–9.