Preliminary Study to Develop the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia

Go eun Lee; Kwang Su Moon; Nam Kwen Kim; Chung sun yong; In Chul Jung; Hyung Won Kang; Lee, Go eun; Moon, Kwang Su; Kim, Nam Kwen; yong, Chung sun; Jung, In Chul; Kang, Hyung Won

doi:10.13048/jkm.17030

JKM > Volume 38(3); 2017 > Article

Lee, Moon, Kim, yong, Jung, and Kang: Preliminary Study to Develop the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2017; 38(3): 111-123.

Published online: September 30, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.17030

Preliminary Study to Develop the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia

Go eun Lee¹, Kwang Su Moon¹, Nam Kwen Kim², Chung sun yong³, In Chul Jung⁴

, Hyung Won Kang⁵

Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center.

¹Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University

²Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University

³Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry, Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital

⁴Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University

⁵Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital

Correspondence to：강형원(Hyung Won Kang) 원광대산본병원 한방신경정신과 Tel：+82-31-390-2762, E-mail : dskhw@wku.ac.kr

Correspondence to：정인철(In Chul Jung) 대전대학교 둔산한방병원 신경정신과 Tel：+82-42-470-9129, E-mail : npjeong@dju.kr

Received August 24, 2017 Revised September 14, 2017 Accepted September 14, 2017

Abstract

Objectives

To develop and investigate the reliability of the pathologic aging scale based on korean medical theory and korean medical pattern identification for dementia.

Methods

We searched the textbook of korean neurophychiatry and Donguibogam and selected items through professional consensus. We compared between dementia(n=40) and normal elderly(n=38) and tested the reliability of two scales.

Results

After professional consensus, we drafted the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale(12 items, Likert 3 scale) and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia(4 patterns, 28 items, Likert 5 scale). On Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale, There is no significant difference between two groups. We had good internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability(r=0.631) but low inter-rater reliability(r=0.430). On Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia, dementia patients diagnosed with Qi deficiency are significantly more than those in normal group. We had fairly good internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha = 0.574) and excellent test-retest(kappa= .800) and inter-rater reliability(kappa = .733).

Conclusions

Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia is appropriate for diagnosing korean medical pattern. But Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale isn’t appropriate to discriminate dementia from normal elderly because of many subjective items. Therefore objective measurement of sensory dysfunction would be needed to measure pathologic aging based on korean medical theory.

Keywords: Dementia, Pathologic aging, Korean medicine, Oriental medicine

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant of Ministry of Health & Welfare and the Traditional Korean Medicine R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. (HB16C0044)

Table 1

The Characteristics of Participants

		Dementia group(n=40)	Normal group (n=38)	p-value
gender	Male	8(20.0)	17(44.7)	0.019*
gender	Female	32(80.0)	21(55.3)

Age		77.78(7.90)	76.97(5.64)	0.609

MMSE-DS		13.23(6.82)	27.61(2.16)	0.000**

K-MMSE		13.45(6.86)	27.58(2.14)	0.000**

Education	None	10(25.0)	2(5.3)	0.200
	Elementary school	11(27.5)	11(28.9)
	Middle school	7(17.5)	9(23.7)
	High school	5(12.5)	7(18.4)
	University	2(5.0)	1(2.6)
	Non-formal education	3(7.5)	7(18.4)
	No answer	2(5.0)	1(2.6)

Data presented as number(%) or mean(standard deviation)

* p<0.05

** p<0.01

Table 2

Type of dementia on Participants

Type of dementia	n	%
Alzheimer’s disease	28	70.0
Vascular dementia	8	20.0
Others	4	10.0

Table 3

Comparison of Pathological Aging Scale Based on Korean Medicine between Dementia Group and Normal Group

Number of item	First assessment			Second assessment

	Dementia group (n=40)	Normal group (n=38)	p-value	Dementia group (n=35)	Normal group (n=29)	p-value
1	0.85(1.23)	1.26(1.46)	0.183	1.00(1.21)	1.03(1.35)	0.915
2	0.78(1.14)	0.97(1.13)	0.442	0.74(1.04)	1.17(1.35)	0.125
3	0.78(1.14)	1.00(1.36)	0.430	0.91(1.22)	0.79(1.26)	0.699
4	0.33(0.97)	1.00(1.43)	0.017*	0.51(0.89)	1.31(1.47)	0.014*
5	1.10(1.20)	1.89(1.41)	0.009**	1.14(1.22)	1.79(1.48)	0.072
6	0.98(1.10)	0.79(1.21)	0.480	1.17(1.15)	0.55(0.95)	0.024*
7	0.78(1.21)	0.61(1.03)	0.507	0.80(1.11)	0.93(1.10)	0.638
8	0.65(.1.14)	0.63(1.08)	0.942	0.66(1.00)	0.59(0.95)	0.772
9	1.98(1.80)	1.79(1.60)	0.633	1.54(1.6)	1.48(1.24)	0.869
10	1.85(.53)	1.66(1.38)	0.563	1.57(1.42)	148(1.38)	0.801
11	1.88(1.59)	1.79(1.30)	0.793	2.03(1.40)	1.52(1.09)	0.114
12	1.10(1.37)	1.53(1.33)	0.168	1.06(1.41)	1.21(1.11)	0.645
Total score	13.03(6.48)	14.92(6.78)	0.211	13.14(6.61)	13.83(7.43)	0.698

Data presented as mean(standard deviation)

* p<0.05

** p<0.01

Table 4

Internal Consistency of Pathological Aging Scale Based on Korean Medicine.

	First assessment	Second assessment
Total	.578	.679
Dementia group	.560	.639
Normal group	.597	.735

Table 5

Test-Retest reliability of Pathological Aging Scale Based on Korean Medicine

Number of item	Pearson Correlation coefficient
1	0.547**
2	0.663**
3	0.637**
4	0.791**
5	0.714**
6	0.424**
7	0.265*
8	0.396**
9	0.347**
10	0.566**
11	0.504**
12	0.670**
Total score	0.631**

* p<0.05

** p<0.01

Table 6

Inter rater reliability of Pathological Aging Scale Based on Korean Medicine

Number of item	Pearson Correlation coefficient
1	.486**
2	.662**
3	.590**
4	.834**
5	.720**
6	.332
7	−.008
8	.393*
9	.053
10	.636**
11	.436**
12	.557**
Total score	0.430*

* p<0.05

** p<0.01

Table 7

The Result of Pattern Identification Diagnosis of Dementia on Participants

	First assessment				Second assessment

	Dementia group(n=38)	Normal group(n=40)	Total (n=78)	p-value	Dementia group(n=35)	Normal group(n=29)	Total (n=64)	p-value
Qi Deficiency	29(72.5%)	14(37%)	43(55%)	0.005	25(71%)	9(31%)	34(53%)	0.000

Yin Deficiency	3(7.5%)	8(21%)	11(14%)		3(9%)	3(10%)	6(9%)

Damum	4(10%)	5(13%)	9(12%)		4(11%)	4(14%)	8(13%)

Fire/Heat	4(10%)	11(29%)	15(19%)		3(9%)	13(45%)	16(25%)

Table 8

Internal Consistency of Pattern Identification Diagnosis of Dementia

	Cronbach’s Alpha	Number of item	Modified item-total correlation
		1	0.662
		2	0.552
Qi Deficiency	0.743	5	0.514
		6	0.63
		17	0.22

		7	−0.004
		8	0.038
Yin Deficiency	−0.173	11	−0.202
		14	−0.166
		20	0.041

		10	0.294
		13	0.33
Damum	0.578	16	0.461
		18	0.27
		19	0.328

		3	0.193
		4	−0.006
Fire/Heat	0.131	9	0.166
		12	−0.01
		15	−0.044

Table 9

Test-Retest Reliability of Pattern Identification Diagnosis of Dementia

	Qi Deficiency	Yin Deficiency	Damum	Fire/Heat	Diagnosis
Qi Deficiency	.700**	.281^*	.140	−.230	−.495**
Yin Deficiency	.048	.336**	.104	.039	.213
Damum	.221	.313^*	.665**	.078	.031
Fire/Heat	−.170	−.038	.025	.516**	.443**
Diagnosis	−.510**	−.159	−.001	.193	.800**

** p<0.01

Table 10

Inter-rater Reliability of Pattern Identification Diagnosis of Dementia

	Qi Deficiency	Yin Deficiency	Damum	Fire/Heat	Diagnosis
Qi Deficiency	.711**	.228	.248	−.187	−.474**
Yin Deficiency	−.111	−.092	−.060	−.121	.326
Damum	.014	.263	.690**	.033	.357*
Fire/Heat	−.075	.007	−.119	.350*	.478**
Diagnosis	−.393*	−.250	−.041	.125	.733**

* p<0.05

** p<0.01

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