Is there any specificity in gender, triggering factors and HRV according to the left and right lesions of hemifacial spasm? : A retrospective chart review

Article information

J Korean Med. 2023;44(1):16-27

Publication date (electronic) : 2023 March 1

doi : https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23002

Yoon Ji Lee ¹

, Yong-Suk Kim ²

¹Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Correspondence to: 김용석, 서울특별시 동대문구 경희대로 26 경희대학교 한의과대학 침구과, Tel : +82-2-958-9206, E-mail : ackys@khu.ac.kr

Received 2022 July 28; Revised 2022 September 4; Accepted 2023 February 14.

Abstract

Objectives

This study is designed to investigate the difference of gender, triggering factors and Heart rate variability(HRV) between left and right hemifacial spasm patients.

Methods

Among hemifacial spasm patients who visited the Acupuncture and Moxibustion medicine clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2017, to April 18, 2022, we reviewed the clinical records of subjects with right hemifacial spasm(n=55) and left hemifacial spasm(n=76). We investigated the difference of gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm patients groups by student’s t-test, chi-square test and fisher's exact test using SPSS for windows(version 28.0.0.0.).

Results

There was no difference in gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm groups.

Conclusion

According to this study, there were few specificity of lesions of left and right in hemifacial spasms.

Keywords: Hemifacial spasm; Left and right; Gender; Triggering factors; Heart rate variability

Table 1

Age and gender distribution of 131 patients with Hemifacial spasm

Table 2

The Correlations of Gender and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

Table 3

The Correlations of Triggering factors and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

Table 4

Time domain Heart Rate Variability of Patients with Left and Right HFS

Table 5

Frequency domain Heart Rate Variability of Patients with Left and Right HFS

Table 6

The Correlations of LF/HF Ratio and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

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Article information Continued

Table 1

Age and gender distribution of 131 patients with Hemifacial spasm

		HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side	Total
Gender, n(%)	Male(%)	21(27.63%)	13(23.64%)	34(25.95%)
Gender, n(%)	Female(%)	55(72.37%)	42(76.36%)	97(74.05%)

Age, years		56.72 ± 13.51	56.20 ± 10.93	56.50 ± 12.45

29≤		3	1	4

30~39		4	2	6

40~49		18	11	29

50~59		20	16	36

60~69		13	18	31

≤70		18	7	25

		76	55	131(100%)

Values are mean ± standard deviation or number(%).

Table 2

The Correlations of Gender and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

	HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side		P-value
Male	21(61.8%)	13(38.2%)	34(100%)	x² = 0.265
Female	55(56.7%)	42(43.3%)	97(100%)	(0.607)

Values are mean ± standard deviation.

P-values is calculated by chi-square test for categorical variables.

Table 3

The Correlations of Triggering factors and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

	HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side	total	P-value
Stress and Nervousness	18(52.9%)	16(47.1%)	34(100%)	x² = 0.451 (0.502)
Fatigue and Overwork	12(33.3%)	6(66.7%)	18(100%)	x² =3.286 (0.07)

P-values is calculated by chi-square test for categorical variables.

Table 4

Time domain Heart Rate Variability of Patients with Left and Right HFS

Variables	HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side	T	P-value
MHR	69.82 ± 12.25	71.29 ± 9.97	0.734	0.464
SDNN	32.67 ± 19.96	28.42 ± 14.22	−1.349	0.180
RMSSD	29.26 ± 34.76	22.87 ± 21.16	−1.212	0.228

Values are mean ± standard deviation. P-value is calculated by Independent t-test.

MHR : Mean heart rate

SDNN : Standard deviation of NN interval

RMSSD : The square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN interval

Table 5

Frequency domain Heart Rate Variability of Patients with Left and Right HFS

Variables	HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side	T	P-value
TP	802.15 ± 1146.63	730.96 ± 829.41	−0.392	0.696
VLF	475.06 ± 758.84	424.46 ± 557.53	−0.418	0.676
LF	196.41 ± 318.94	134.21 ± 154.16	−1.337	0.184
HF	161.81 ± 213.76	163.48 ± 371.84	0.032	0.974
LF Norm	59.96 ± 49.58	53.94 ± 19.66	−0.852	0.396
HF Norm	45.46 ± 20.22	46.06 ± 19.66	0.168	0.867
LF/HF ratio	2.39 ± 4.49	1.70 ± 1.33	−1.115	0.267

Values are mean ± standard deviation. P-value is calculated by Independent t-test.

TP : Total Power

VLF : Very low frequency

LF : Low frequency

HF : High frequency

LF norm : LF power in normalized units

HF norm : HF power in normalized units

LF/HF ratio : Low frequency / High frequency ratio

Table 6

The Correlations of LF/HF Ratio and Left and Right Lesions of HFS

LF/HF ratio	HFS on Left side	HFS on Right side	total	P-value
Total	76(42.0%)	55(58.0%)	131(100%)
Abnormal	28(42.4%)	38(57.6%)	66(100%)	0.918
≤0.5	12(60.0%)	8(40.0%)	20(100%)	0.845
≥2.0	26(56.5%)	20(43.5%)	46(100%)	0.799

Values are mean ± standard deviation.

P-values is calculated by chi-square test for categorical variables.

LF/HF ratio : Low frequency / High frequency ratio