Using US Patent Analysis to Monitor the Technological Trend in the Field of Gastrointestinal Microbiome - Implications on Korean Medicine Research and Development -

Geoncheol Jo; Sejun Yoon; Jeong Woon Bae; Byung Joo Kim; Jo, Geoncheol; Yoon, Sejun; Bae, Jeong Woon; Kim, Byung Joo

doi:10.13048/jkm.23004

JKM > Volume 44(1); 2023 > Article

Jo, Yoon, Bae, and Kim: Using US Patent Analysis to Monitor the Technological Trend in the Field of Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2022; 44(1): 38-55.

Published online: March 1, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23004

Using US Patent Analysis to Monitor the Technological Trend in the Field of Gastrointestinal Microbiome:

- Implications on Korean Medicine Research and Development -

Geoncheol Jo¹

, Sejun Yoon¹^{, 2}

, Jeong Woon Bae¹

, Byung Joo Kim¹^{, *}

¹Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine

²Hanyang University Department of Information Systems

Correspondence to: Byung Joo Kim, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, 49 Busandaehakro, Beomeori, Yangsan, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-51-510-8469, Fax +82-51-510-8420, Email vision@pusan.ac.kr

Received July 29, 2022 Revised August 21, 2022 Accepted August 29, 2022

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to provide direction for future research in the field of Korean medicine by analyzing microbiome based technologies emerging as a new diagnostic and treatment paradigm.

Methods

To achieve the purpose of the study intellectual property data was used. After establishing citation network from registered microbiome-related US patents, citation network was analyzed by knowledge persistence-based main path approach to understanding technological trajectories. Furthermore, community detection algorithms were used to quantitatively identifying specific technological domain in a particular time period.

Results

Results shows that early technologies in livestock industry contribute most to the recent patents. Knowledge in the patents flow through the path of food and beverage technological domain, and finally are inherited to the recent development of diagnosis, treatment and prevention technic.

Conclusions

This study indicate that developing diagnostic tools which can link the composition of microbiome to specific diseases should be given high priority. Researches should lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Specifically, improving reliability of pattern identification and finding effective therapeutic compositions based on principles of Korean medicine is necessary.

Keywords: Korean Traditional Medicine, Microbiota, Intellectual Property, Knowledge persistence

Fig. 1

Citation Network Consists of 11,614 Nodes and 45,596 Edges for Microbiome Technological Domain.

Fig. 2

High Persistence Patents in the Citation Network of Microbiome Technological Domain.

Fig. 3

Developmental Technology for Microbiome Technological domain by Knowledge Persistence-based Main Path Analysis.

Fig. 4

Knowledge Flow of Node 1427 (US10226505)

Fig. 5

Knowledge Flow of Node 1687 (US5599795)

Fig. 6

Knowledge Flow of Node 13163 (US8562952)

Fig. 7

Periodic Change in Composition of Technological Domain

Fig. 8

Market Analysis

Fig. 9

Correlation Research Model

Table 1

Search Query and Patent Count

Search Query

Patent Count

((gastrointestinal $ws (microb* or microflora or flora)) or (gut $ws (microbi* or microflora or flora)) or (intestinal $ws (microbi* or microflora or flora)) or (Gastric $ws Microbiome) or (enteric $ws bacteria) or (Microbi* $ws Community))

18,360

(((gastrointestinal $ws (microb* or microflora or flora)) or (gut $ws (microbi* or microflora or flora)) or (intestinal $ws (microbi* or microflora or flora)) or (Gastric $ws Microbiome) or (enteric $ws bacteria) or (Microbi* $ws Community)) and ((medic* $w3 (oriental* or herb* or kampo*)) or (drug $w3 (oriental* or herbal* or kampo* or botanical*)) or “chinese traditional medicine” or “traditional medicine” or “traditional oriental medicine” or “traditional oriental medicine drug” or “natural drug” or “Korean medicine”))

325

Table 2

International Patent Classification Code Based Analysis.

Class	IPC	Subclass
0	A61K	Preparations-Medical
0	A01N	Preservation

1	C12Q	Measuring (Enzymes)
	G01N	Analysing Materials
	G16B	Bioinformatics

2	A23C	Dairy Products
	A23K	Feeding-Stuffs
	A61K	Preparations-Medical

3	A23C	Dairy Products
	A23F	Coffee Tea
	A61F	Filters Implantable

4	A01N	Preservation
	A61K	Preparations-Medical
	C12Q	Measuring (Enzymes)

5	A01N	Preservation
	A23C	Dairy Products
	A23K	Feeding-Stuffs
	A23L	Foods
	A61K	Preparations-Medical
	C12N	Micro Organisms

6	A23K	Feeding-Stuffs
	A61K	Preparations-Medical
	C07K	Peptides
	C12N	Micro Organisms
	C12P	Enzyme-Using Processes

Table 3

A. Top 10 Patents in the Index of Persistence.

Class	Label	Patent	Persistence Index
2	274	US3953609	335.973
2	645	US4657762	248.0523
2	110	US3326693	230.996
2	61	US2936237	182.841
5	562	US4689226	176.457
4	1687	US5599795	142.635
5	644	US4839281	126.487
4	1427	US5443826	115.635
2	381	US4335107	104.726
5	1691	US5413785	98.364

Table 3

B. 10 Highly Cited Patents.

Class	Label	Patent	Forward Citation
4	3504	US9028841	162
4	1687	US9433651	155
5	13163	US8562952	151
4	1427	US10226505	143
5	3499	US10610548	70
2	381	US10555978	63
4	13169	US8110177	63
5	644	US9289418	63
0	16478	US10058574	59
3	5150	US4657762	59

Table 4

Nodes with Multiple Connections with Other Class.

class	Label	Patent	Persistence Index	Forward Citation
4	1427	US10226505	115.635	143
4	1687	US5599795	142.635	155
5	13163	US8562952	42.158	151

Table 5

Part of Microbiome Therapeutic Candidates from Dongui Bogam Tangaekpyeon

Origin	Medicine	Indication	Administration
人部	人屎	天行熱病, 大熱狂走水漬, 取汁	水漬, 取汁
人部	人中黃	天行熱疾, 解中諸毒, 幷惡瘡, 菌蕈毒.

禽部	丹雄鷄糞	治白虎歷節風.	幷付風痛.
	雄雀屎	療目痛, 決癰癤. 主痃癖, 疝瘕, 氣塊, 伏梁	凡使細硏, 甘草湯浸一宿, 焙乾用之.
	鸕鷓屎	黶痣, 酒齄皰, 及面瘢疵, 與湯火瘡痕, 又主丁瘡.	刮取, 猪脂調付.

獸部	馬屎	主崩漏, 吐下血, 衄血, 金瘡, 止血. 又主陰陽易.	煎湯服, 治暑病最佳.
	羊屎	理聤耳. 罨竹木刺. 又主箭鏃不出.	燒灰, 淋取汁沐頭, 令髮長黑, 又生髮.
	酪	療身面上熱瘡, 肌瘡.
	酥	除肺痿, 心熱, 幷吐血. 補五藏, 利腸胃.	乳腐

盅部	蠶砂	治風痺不仁, 腸鳴.	淨收取, 曬乾, 炒黃色用.

穀部	飴	平胃, 消穀, 止痢.	六月作者良. 陳久者入藥用之, 當炒令香.
穀部	飴糖	主補虛乏, 益氣力, 潤五藏, 消痰止嗽.	建中湯用之, 入脾.

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