AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) management program on traditional Korean medicine in a public health center.
Methods:In order to examine the effect of the MCI management program, we investigated MCI patients who participated in the program. MCI patients were treated with Jodeung-san (JDS) or Dangguijagyag-san (DGJYS) for 6 weeks. Mini Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia (GQOL-D), Geriatric Depression Scale in Korea (GDS-K), and biochemical examination of blood were conducted at intervals of 6 weeks. A satisfaction survey was collected after this program.
Results:MMSE-DS mean score increased significantly, by 4.09 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 4.15 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. GQOL-D mean score also increased significantly, by 5.90 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 5.07 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. GDS-K mean score decreased significantly, by 10.63 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 9.69 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. MMSE-DS, GDS-K and GQOL-D scores were not significantly different between the JDS and DGJYS groups. All of the participants were satisfied with the program, and 90% of the participants expressed a high intention to participate in the program again.
References1.. Statistics Korea. Future Population Projection. Statistics Korea;(2012.
2.. Ministry of Health & Welefare. Survey of Dementia Prevalence Rate. Ministry of Health & Welefare;(2008.
3.. Ku, BD, Kim, SG, Lee, JY, Park, KH, Shin, JH, & Kim, KK, et al. Clinical practice guideline for dementia by Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea. J Korean Med Assoc, (2011). 54(8), 861-875.
![]() 4.. Choi, KG. Neuropathology of MCI-View from Relationships with Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease-. Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders, (2003). 2, 101-107.
5.. Petersen, RC, Doody, R, Kurz, , Mohs, RC, Morris, JC, & Rabins, PV, et al. Current Concepts in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Arch Neurol, (2001). 58, 1985-1992.
![]() ![]() 6.. Petersen, RC, Smith, GE, Waring, SC, Ivnik, RJ, Tangalos, EG, & Kokmen, E. Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr, (1997). 9(1), 65-69.
![]() ![]() 7.. Shah, Y, Tangalos, EG, & Petersen, RC. Mild cognitive impairment. When is it a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease? Geriatrics, (2000). 55, 65-68.
![]() 8.. Flicker, C, Ferris, SH, & Reisberg, B. Mild cognitive impairment in the eldery: predictiors of dementia. Neurology, (1991). 41, 1006-1009.
![]() ![]() 9.. Ministry of Health & Welefare. National Epidemiologic Investigation. Ministry of Health & Welefare;(2008.
10.. Han, CS, Lee, JY, Lee, DW, Ryu, SH, Lee, KJ, & Kim, JH, et al. Development of Hybrid Model for Integrating Management of Geriatric Depression and Dementia in Urban Area. J Korean Geriatr So, (2006). 10(2), 104-114.
11.. John, KA, & Heather, BB. The sensitivity of the Beck Depression Inventory to changes of symptomatology. Br J Psychiatry, (1974). 125, 184-185.
![]() ![]() 13.. Heo, EJ, Kang, JS, Kang, HW, & Jeon, WK. Evaluation on the Quality of Research Field with Traditional Herbal Prescriptions for Dementia Therapy. J of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, (2012). 23(1), 93-114.
![]() 14.. Murakami, Y, Zhao, Q, Harada, K, Tohda, M, Watanabe, H, & Matsumoto, K. Choto-san, a Kampo formula, improves chronic cerebral hypo-perfusion-induced spatial learning deficit via stimulation of myscarinic M1 receptor. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, (2005). 81(3), 616-625.
![]() ![]() 15.. Koichi, Y, Yutaka, S, Etsuro, H, Nobuyasu, S, Hirozo, G, & Owao, S, et al. Protective effects of Choto-san and hooks and stems of Uncaria sinesis against delayed neuronal death after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbil. Phytomedicine, (2004). 11, 478-489.
![]() ![]() 16.. Watanabe, H, Zhao, Q, Matsumoto, K, Tohda, M, Murakami, Y, & Zhang, SH, et al. Pharmacological evidence for antidementia effect of Chotosan(Guteng-san), a traditional Kampo medicine. Pharamacol Biochem Behav, (2003). 75(3), 635-643.
![]() ![]() 17.. Mizushima, Y, Kan, S, Yoshida, S, Irie, Y, & Urata, Y. Effect of Choto-san a Kampo medicine, on impairment of passive avoidance performance in senescence accelerated mouse(SAM). Phytotherapy research, (2003). 17, 542-545.
![]() ![]() 18.. Matsuoka, T, Narumoto, J, Shibata, K, Okamura, A, Taniguchi, S, & Kitabayashi, Y, et al. Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’’s Disease. Evi-Based Com and Alt Med, (2012.
![]() ![]() ![]() 19.. Inanaga, K, Dainoson, K, Ninomiya, Y, TAkii, O, Omaru, M, & Tanaka, T, et al. Effects of Toko-Shakuyaku-San in Patients with Senile Cognitive Disoreders. Progress in Medicine, (1996). 16, 293-300. 1996.
20.. Iwasaki, K, Satoh-Nakaqawa, T, Maruyama, M, Monma, Y, Tomita, N, & Tanji, H, et al. A randomized, observer-blind, controlled trial of the traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Gan San for improvement of behavioral and psychological symtoms and activities of daily living in dementia patients. J Clin Psychiatry, (2005). 66(2), 248-252.
![]() ![]() 21.. Folstein, MF, & Folstein, SE. “Mini-Mental State”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J of Psych Res, (1975). 12, 189-198.
![]() 22.. Park, JH, & Kwon, YC. Standardization of Korean of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) for Use in the Elderly-Part II. Diagnostic Validity. J Korean NeuroPsychiatric Assoc, (1989). 28, 508-513.
23.. Kang, YW, Na, DY, & Han, SH. A Validity Study on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in Dementia Patients. J Korean Neurol Assoc, (1997). 15, 300-307.
24.. Lee, JH, Lee, KU, Lee, DY, Kim, KW, Kim, JH, & Lee, KH, et al. Development of the Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer’s disease assessment packet (CERAD-K): clinical and neuro-psychological assessment batteries. J Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, (2002). 57(1), 47-53.
![]() 25.. Han, JW, Kim, TH, Joo, JH, Park, JH, Kim, JR, & Yoo, SH, et al. A Normative Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and Its Short form (SMMSE-DS) in the Korean Elderly. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry, (2010). 14(1), 27-37.
26.. Lee, HS, Kim, JH, Ko, HJ, Ku, HM, Kwon, EJ, & Shin, JY, et al. The Standardization of the Geriatric Quality of Life scale-Dementia(GQOL-D). J Korean Geriatr Soc, (2004). 8(3), 151-164.
27.. Ki, BS, & Lee, CW. A Preliminary Study for the Standardization of Geriatric Depression Scale in Korea. J Korean NeuroPsychiatric Assoc, (1995). 129, 1875-1885.
28.. Ministry of Health & Welefare. Direction for Korean Medicine Health Promotion Program in 2013. Ministry of Health & Welefare;(2012.
29.. Gyeonggi Statistical Information Service. Population Statistics. Gyeonggi Statistical Information Service;(2012.
30.. Choi, SH, Na, DL, Oh, KM, & Park, BJ. A Short form of the Samsung Dementia Questionnaire (S-SDQ): development and cross-validation. J Korean Neurol Assoc, (1997). 17(2), 253-258.
31.. Galasko, D, Kauber, MR, Hoftetter, R, Salmon, DP, Lasker, B, & Thal, LJ. The mini-mental state examination in the elderly diagnosis of Alzheimer’ disease. Arch Neurol, (1990). 47(1), 49-52.
![]() ![]() 32.. Clark, CM, Sheppard, L, Fillenbaum, GG, Galasko, D, Morris, JC, & Koss, E, et al. Variability in annual Mini-Mental State Examination score in patients with probable Alzheimer disease: a clinical perspective of data from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease. Arch Neurol, (1999). 56(7), 857-862.
![]() ![]() |
|