AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang on body weight and body composition in patients with sarcopenic obesity.
MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on 51 adults with sarcopenic obesity who registered for a weight loss program with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 12 weeks. Body weight, body composition including body fat mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was measured before and after the intervention.
ResultsA total of 51 patients were included in this study. After 12 weeks of treatment, the average weight loss rate was 6.52±3.4% (p<0.001) and body fat mass was significantly decreased by 15.85±8.4% (p<0.001). While fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index showed no significant changes. The number of patients with sarcopenic obesity significantly decreased from 51 to 20 (60.8%, p<0.001). No serious adverse events were reported.
참고문헌1. Gao, Q., Mei, F., Shang, Y., Hu, K., Chen, F., & Zhao, L., et al (2021). Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr, 40(7), 4633-4641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.009
![]() ![]() 2. Atkins, J. L., & Wannamathee, S. G. (2020). Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Br J Nutr, 124(10), 1102-1113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520002172
![]() ![]() 3. Wei, S., Nguyen, T. T., Zhang, Y., Ryu, D., & Gariani, K. (2023). Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 14, 1185221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221
![]() ![]() ![]() 4. Benz, E., Pinel, A., Guillet, C., Capel, F., Pereira, B., & De Antonio, M., et al (2024). Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People. JAMA network open, 7(3), e243604. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604
![]() ![]() ![]() 5. Prado, C. M., Batsis, J. A., Donini, L. M., Gonzalez, M. C., & Siervo, M. (2024). Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 20(5), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-023-00943-z
![]() ![]() ![]() 6. Choi, H. A., & Park, K. M. (2016). Effects of Sarcopenic Obesity on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elders: Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011). J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs, 27(3), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.231
![]() ![]() 7. Liu, C., Wong, P. Y., Chung, Y. L., Chow, S. K., Cheung, W. H., & Law, S. W., et al (2023). Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sarcopenic obesity. Obes Rev, 24(2), e13534. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13534
![]() ![]() ![]() 8. Kim, T. N., Yang, S. J., Yoo, H. J., Lim, K. I., Kang, H. J., & Song, W., et al (2009). Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study. Int J Obes (Lond), 33(8), 885-892. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.130
![]() ![]() ![]() 9. Poggiogalle, E., Lubrano, C., Sergi, G., Coin, A., Gnessi, L., & Mariani, S., et al (2016). Sarcopenic Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Caucasian Subjects. J Nutr Health Aging, 20(9), 958-963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0638-1
![]() ![]() ![]() 10. Zembura, M., & Matusik, P. (2022). Sarcopenic Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 13, 914740. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.914740
![]() ![]() ![]() 11. Schrager, M. A., Metter, E. J., Simonsick, E., Ble, A., Bandinelli, S., & Lauretani, F., et al (2007). Sarcopenic obesity and inflammation in the InCHIANTI study. J Appl Physiol (1985), 102(3), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00627.2006
![]() ![]() ![]() 12. Weiss, E. P., Jordan, R. C., Frese, E. M., Albert, S. G., & Villareal, D. T. (2017). Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(1), 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001074
![]() ![]() ![]() 13. Park, Y. J., Cominguez, D. C., Kim, H. J., Jin, J. S., Koh, D. J., & Kim, S. Y., et al (2021). Therapeutic effects of Gambi-jung for the treatment of obesity. Biomed Pharmacother, 141, 111838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111838
![]() ![]() 14. Lee, Y. J., Kang, J. I., Kim, Y. H., Min, E. C., Lim, Y. W., & Kim, E. (2024). Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Post-Menopausal Obese Women: A Retrospective Chart Review. J Korean Med, 45(1), 64-78. https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.24004
![]() 15. Zhou, X., Xing, B., He, G., Lyu, X., & Zeng, Y. (2018). The Effects of Electrical Acupuncture and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Sarcopenic Obesity in Male Older Adults: A Randomized Control Study. Obes Facts, 11(4), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1159/000491797
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 16. Park, M., Lim, Y. W., & Kim, E. (2024). Review on Weight Loss Interventions that Can Prevent Muscle Mass Loss in Sarcopenic Obesity. J Korean Med, 45(1), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.24005
![]() 17. Lee, Y. B., Lee, A. R., Son, M. J., An, S. H., & Han, J. Y. (2024). Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Patients with Class II or III Obesity: A Retrospective Chart Review. J Korean Med Obes Res, 24(2), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.15429/jkomor.2024.24.1.54
18. Lee, A. R., Son, M. J., An, S. H., Eom, Y. J., & Han, J. Y. (2024). Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Elderly Female Patients with Overweight and Obesity: A Retrospective Chart Review. J Korean Med Obes Res, 24(2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.15429/jkomor.2024.24.2.179
![]() 19. Hwang, B., Lim, J. Y., Lee, J., Choi, N. K., Ahn, Y. O., & Park, B. J. (2012). Prevalence rate and associated factors of sarcopenic obesity in korean elderly population. J Korean Med Sci, 27(7), 748-755. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.7.748
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 20. Hwang, J. (2024). Sarcopenic Obesity Frequency and Associated Risk Factors in Young Korean Women: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis. KSPM, 19, 43-51. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2024.19.1.43
![]() 21. Kim, K. K., Haam, J. H., Kim, B. T., Kim, E. M., Park, J. H., & Rhee, S. Y., et al (2023). Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr, 32(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes23016
![]() ![]() ![]() 22. Camajani, E., Persichetti, A., Watanabe, M., Contini, S., Vari, M., & Di Bernardo, S., et al (2022). Whey Protein, L-Leucine and Vitamin D Supplementation for Preserving Lean Mass during a Low-Calorie Diet in Sarcopenic Obese Women. Nutrients, 14(9), 1884. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091884
![]() ![]() ![]() 23. Sammarco, R., Marra, M., Di Guglielmo, M. L., Naccarato, M., Contaldo, F., & Poggiogalle, E., et al (2017). Evaluation of Hypocaloric Diet With Protein Supplementation in Middle-Aged Sarcopenic Obese Women: A Pilot Study. Obes facts, 10(3), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1159/000468153
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 24. Nabuco, H. C. G., Tomeleri, C. M., Fernandes, R. R., Sugihara, P., Cavalcante, E. F., & Cunha, P. M., et al (2019). Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN, 32, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.007
![]() 25. Kim, S., Seok, J., & Ok, J. M. (2024). Application of Korean Herbal Medicine for Body Fat Loss in Adults with Normal Weight Obesity: A Retrospective Chart Review. Korean J Subhealth Med, 5(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.37928/kjsm.2024.5.1.15
![]() 26. Oliveros, E., Somers, V. K., Sochor, O., Goel, K., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2014). The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 56(4), 426-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.003
![]() ![]() 27. De Lorenzo, A., Pellegrini, M., Gualtieri, P., Itani, L., El Ghoch, M., & Di Renzo, L. (2022). The Risk of Sarcopenia among Adults with Normal-Weight Obesity in a Nutritional Management Setting. Nutrients, 14(24), 5295. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245295
![]() ![]() ![]() 28. Yoon, N. R., Yoo, Y. J., Kim, M., Kim, S. Y., Lim, Y. W., & Lim, H. H., et al (2018). Analysis of Adverse Events in Weight Loss Program in Combination with ‘Gamitaeeum jowee-Tang’ and Low-Calorie Diet. J Korean Med Obes Res, 18(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15429/jkomor.2018.18.1.1
29. Christensen, P., Bliddal, H., Riecke, B. F., Leeds, A. R., Astrup, A., & Christensen, R. (2011). Comparison of a low-energy diet and a very low-energy diet in sedentary obese individuals: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Clin Obes, 1(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-8111.2011.00006.x
![]() ![]() ![]() |
|