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JKM > Volume 39(1); 2018 > Article
Joo, Lee, and Park: Comparison of Health Status and Mibyeong Characteristics between Cold Syndrome and Heat Syndrome by Cold Heat Syndrome Differentiation Score

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to develop the diagnostic tool to distinguish between cold syndrome (CS) and heat syndrome (HS).

Methods

A total of 1,753 subjects were divided into three groups, those are CS group, intemediate group, and HS group, by the mean and standard deviation of the cold heat syndrome differentiation score using 7 point scale consisting of 9 items. Demographic characteristics, diseases history, health status, Mibyeong, syndrome differentiation were analyzed.

Results

CS is characterized by women, elderly, and low body mass index. CS has a history of thyroid disease, cataract, depression, osteoporosis, and HS has a history of prostatomegaly. CS receives less social psychosocial stress than HS, and the quality of life associated with health status is lower than HS. CS group has the tendency to be tired, painful, sleepless, dyspeptic and anxious.

Conclusions

CS is a set of symptoms associated with decreased energy metabolism and decreased metabolic function, and is more likely to be unhealthy than HS.

Table 1
Comparison of Demographic Characteristics According to CS and HS
Characteristics mean (SD) P Value*

CS (n=264) Intermediate (n=1,242) HS (n=247)
Sex
 Men, n (%) 46 (7.6) 421 (69.5) 139 (22.9) <0.001
 Women, n (%) 218 (19.0) 821 (71.6) 108 (9.4)
Age (year) 64.46 (10.75)a 64.48 (11.38)b 61.99 (11.43)b 0.006
BMI (kg/m2) 24.63 (3.09)a 24.95 (3.23)a 25.77 (3.25)b <0.001

BMI, body mass index; CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 2
Comparison of Diseases History According to CS and HS
Characteristics No. of Subjects (%) P Value*

CS (n=264) Intermediate (n=1242) HS (n=247)
Cerebrovascular Accident 9 (3.4) 29 (2.3) 4 (1.6) 0.403
Transient Ischemic Attack 0 (0.0) 5 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0.356
Angina Pectoris or Myocardial Infarction 16 (6.1) 86 (6.9) 15 (6.1) 0.807
Hypertension 101 (38.3) 463 (37.3) 95 (38.5) 0.913
Hyperlipidemia 28 (10.6) 127 (10.2) 20 (8.1) 0.556
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 7 (2.7) 26 (2.1) 4 (1.6) 0.717
Thyroid Disease 25 (9.5) 97 (7.8) 9 (3.6) 0.031
Chronic Gastritis 44 (16.7) 195 (15.7) 39 (15.8) 0.926
Gastritis or Gastric Ulcer 12 (4.5) 90 (7.2) 14 (5.7) 0.224
Diabetes Mellitus 35 (13.3) 157 (12.6) 29 (11.7) 0.873
Intestinal Polyp 4 (1.5) 36 (2.9) 4 (1.6) 0.268
Acute Liver Disease 1 (0.4) 8 (0.6) 2 (0.8) 0.819
Fatty Liver 14 (5.3) 79 (6.4) 24 (9.7) 0.097
Chronic Hepatitis or Liver Cirrhosis 3 (1.1) 23 (1.9) 3 (1.2) 0.598
Cholelithiasis or Cholecystitis 14 (5.3) 47 (3.8) 11 (4.5) 0.506
Chronic Bronchitis 3 (1.1) 22 (1.8) 7 (2.8) 0.346
Asthma 17 (6.4) 53 (4.3) 11 (4.5) 0.309
Allergic Disease 16 (6.1) 97 (7.8) 13 (5.3) 0.273
Arthritis 16 (6.1) 97 (7.8) 13 (5.3) 0.273
Bladder Infection 8 (3.0) 18 (3.9) 5 (2.0) 0.322
Cataract 45 (17.0) 215 (17.3) 27 (10.9) 0.044
Glaucoma 9 (3.4) 44 (3.5) 3 (1.2) 0.161
Depression Mood 17 (6.4) 66 (5.3) 4 (1.6) 0.025
Parkinson’s Disease 0 (0.0) 6 (0.5) 1 (0.4) 0.528
Osteoporosis 43 (16.3) 164 (13.2) 20 (8.1) 0.020
Prostatomegaly 9 (3.4) 55 (4.4) 19 (7.7) 0.048
Cancer 16 (6.1) 54 (4.3) 13 (5.3) 0.451

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 3
Score Related to Health Status According to CS and HS
Characteristics mean (SD) P Value*

CS (n=264) Intermediate (n=1242) HS (n=247)
Psychosocial Stress Score 32.44 (9.01)a 34.18 (9.58)a 37.55 (8.50)b <0.001
Health-Related Quality of Life Using EQ-5D 7.33 (1.64)a 6.94 (1.69)b 6.36 (1.51)c <0.001
Mibyeong 24 Score 75.53 (23.37)a 70.81 (22.57)b 57.90 (18.93)c <0.001

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 4
Types, Severe Degree and Discomfort Degree of Mibyeong According to CS and HS
Characteristics mean (SD) P Value*

CS (n=264) Intermediate (n=1242) HS (n=247)
Fatigue Type, n (%) 167 (63.7) 647 (52.3) 103 (41.9) <0.001
 Degree of Severity 3.96 (1.63)a 3.66 (1.63)a 3.11 (1.61)b <0.001
 Degree of Discomfort 3.62 (1.77)a 3.38 (1.71)a 2.82 (1.54)b 0.001

Pain Type, n (%) 161 (61.5) 684 (55.3) 111 (45.3) 0.001
 Degree of Severity 4.37 (1.65)a 4.20 (1.70)a 3.62 (1.58)b 0.001
 Degree of Discomfort 4.30 (1.73)a 4.07 (1.81)a 3.45 (1.66)b <0.001

Sleep Disorder Type, n (%) 110 (41.7) 419 (33.8) 60 (24.4) <0.001
 Degree of Severity 4.30 (1.78)a 4.07 (1.73)ab 3.52 (1.69)b <0.019
 Degree of Discomfort 4.01 (1.89) 3.78 (1.82) 3.40 (1.61) 0.112

Indigestion Type, n (%) 79 (30.0) 308 (24.9) 36 (14.6) <0.001
 Degree of Severity 3.91 (1.62) 3.58 (1.62) 3.33 (1.55) 0.141
 Degree of Discomfort 3.73 (1.74) 3.38 (1.71) 3.23 (1.63) 0.208

Anxiety Type, n (%) 117 (44.7) 383 (31.4) 54 (22.4) <0.001
 Degree of Severity 3.86 (1.77) 3.70 (1.61) 3.67 (1.71) 0.637
 Degree of Discomfort 3.66 (1.88) 3.43 (1.70) 3.35 (1.65) 0.396

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

Table 5
Score Related to Syndrome Differentiation by Expert According to CS and HS
Characteristics mean (SD) P Value*

CS (n=264) Intermediate (n=1242) HS (n=247)
Qi Deficiency Score 2.76 (2.08)a 2.59 (2.14)a 1.80 (1.92)b <0.001
Blood Deficiency Score 1.91 (2.07)a 1.61 (1.99)a 1.17 (1.71)b <0.001
Qi Stagnation Score 1.58 (2.19)a 1.27 (1.95)a 0.85 (1.60)b <0.001
Health Status Score 6.62 (1.46)a 6.90 (1.57)a 7.23 (1.34)b <0.001
Cold Heat Score 4.25 (1.71)a 4.83 (1.60)b 5.69 (1.66)c <0.001

CS, cold syndrome; HS, heat syndrome.

* For any difference between 3 subjects group.

The same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Scheffe multiple comparison test.

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